the last topic: Galaxy ecosystem in the Universe

Decadal survey:

• 2000s: JWST, ALMA
• 2010s: Roman, Rubin, LISA
• 2020s: GMT, TMT, LUVOIR, Lynx

近邻星系具有 hierarchical structure, 比如 DESI 的结果：与 Poisson/Gaussian 随机分布不同

turbulence, magnetic field are responsible for inefficient SF

但是 turbulence dissipation 非常快

supernovae 可以提供 turbulence

KM05: 恒星形成速度太慢，时间上太平均